Ankle sprains occur when the foot twists, rolls, or turns beyond its normal motions. It can also occur if the foot is planted unevenly on a surface, beyond the normal force of stepping. This causes the ligaments to stretch beyond their normal range. If there is a severe turning in or turning out motion of the foot relative to the ankle, the ligaments stretch and ultimately tear. When excessive force is applied, the athlete can hear a popping noise, followed by pain and swelling near the area. The athlete will feel unstable and and unable to put full force on the ankle when walking.
The doctor may perform an x-ray to check for broken bones. If the injury seems severe enough, the doctor will order an MRI. For minor sprains, the athlete should use the P.R.I.C.E. treatment and a device given by the doctor to immobilize or splint the ankle. For more severe sprains, the athlete needs to wear a short leg cast or a cast-brace for up to 3 weeks. Surgery is very rare in these cases. Physical therapy is used for all levels of sprains to decrease pain and prevent chronic ankle problems. The goal is to increase strength and range of motion as balance improves over time.
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